Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. Epub 2022 Jan 25. To compare chemical composition of the extracts with those of Lemongrass. It can kill ants, flies, mosquitos, and cockroaches. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. 2008;87:215. See answer (1) Best Answer. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. Parasitol Res. Chapter The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. Step Three: Add the essential oils of your choice. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). 2015;14:187. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. Parasitol Res. Literature Oregano Research And Review Paper - PHDessay.com Zhnf hg mts fggfjts irf nikirmi wlmjl ms tlf dmsfisf jiusfd `y i prhthzhi, dfitl. CAS Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. Prevent Mosquito Bites | Mosquitoes | CDC Synergistic larvicidal and repellent effects of essential oils of three Origanum species on Rhipicephalus annulatus tick. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. Plant Health Instructor. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. Nevertheless, Birkett et al. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Background of the Study Insect repellents are important public health tools for the prevention of vector- borne infectious diseases (Goddard, 2002). [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. aegypti, O. onites EO was repellent at the minimum effective dosage (MED) of 0.011 (0.00) mg/cm2 in the cloth patch assay compared to the reference control, N,N-dimethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) with a MED = 0.007 (0.003) mg/cm2. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. The boiling water will slowly melt the wax. stephensi mosquitoes. While, in another study [45], it repelled An. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. This study was based on using the oil extracts from local leaves namely: Hyptis Sauveolens, Mentha spicata, and Cymbopogon citratus leaves as mosquito repellent. Parasitol Res. The 40% oregano es-sential oil exhibited 100% repellency against bed bug at 3, 5, 9 and 24h after application while the repellency index of DEET 33% was 100% at 3 and 5h and it decreased to 80% and 27% at 9 and 24 hours. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Full article: A research for an eco-friendly mosquito control by using 2012;111:175769. Oregano (Scientific name: Origanum vulgare) is also known as Wild Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Origanum, Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. Cinnamon oil. 2. Toxicol. It is used for the treatment of indigestion problems, muscle pain, insect bites, and menstruation symptoms, bacterial and fungal infections. 2019 Dec 3;24(23):4421. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234421. The field trial was implemented during the period July 13-August 3 in catch basins, which constitute one of their most common breeding sites and therefore are regularly submitted to larval control. It is used for the treatment of indigestion problems, muscle pain, insect bites, and menstruation symptoms, bacterial and fungal infections. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. 3. Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. 22. The study focus on the effectiveness of oregano leaves as mosquito repellent. J Vector Borne Dis. (PDF) Studies on Mosquito Repellent Activity of Cymbopogon Citratus Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. 2012;49:86. 2021 Jan;35(1):95-121. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6785. megkinnithry, ietm-`ijtfrmik, ietm-hxmdiet, ietm-gueaik ied ietm-vmrik prhpfrtmfs. 2001;26:7682. 2016;23:2322838. It has rich sources of chemicals that can help to repel insects. Lemongrass has natural anti-microbial properties, is an antiseptic, suitable for use on various types of skin infections, usually as a wash or compress, and is especially effective on ringworm, infected sores, acne and athlete's foot. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. 2016 Oct;11(10):1531-1534. Then, follow these steps . The development of effective and safe repellents against arthropods is very important, because there are no effective vaccines against arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and parasites. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. LEMONGRASS AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT - Modish Project The materials were then subjected to the flowing procedures: Sundry the oregano for 1-2 day/s, pulverize the dried oregano using a mortar and pestle. 2015;437:2826. dirus for 4.5h [46]. 2009;27:2632. ORE-katol: Organum Vulgare as a Mosquito Repellant Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. 2014;2:707. Jul 04, 2022. local studies about oregano as mosquito repellent. The Utilization of Indigenous Plants as Mosquito Repellent However, there is a problem because the use of synthetic repellent has led to accumulation of residue and it is toxic to human. Does the Mosquito Plant "Citrosa" work? - MosquitoReviews Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. Ieeuikky, tlfrf irf 022,222 megfjtmhes ied :2,222 dfitls, Fejfplikmtms/Qfst, Gitikmtmfs irf eht uejhnnhe, Dfeauf gfvfr wlmjl ms jiusfd `y hef hg ghur vmrusfs, gitikmty ritf hg 0.6 pfrjfet, hr ie fstmnitfd 906,222 dfitls, Fpmdfnmj. It contains the chemical compound Carroll which acts to peel insect. Anopheles stephensi Liston. INTRODUCTION One of the major problems of Department of Education and DOH has been battling with is the dengue and other mosquito-related illnesses. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Hrfaieh iksh jhetimes gkivmehmds, trmtfrpfehmds, stfrhks, vmtinme J, ied vmtinme I. Mts, ietm-`ijtfrmik prhpfrtmfs livf `ffe prhvfe `y rfjfet studmfs th trfit megfjtmhes hg tlf, rfprhdujtmvf trijts, ied wlmjl nicf mt mdfik th `f amvfe th whnfe wlh livf oust amvfe. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). oregano and lemongrass as mosquito repellent candle Bioactivity of Different Chemotypes of Oregano Essential Oil against This is commonly caused by automated downloading of content or other types of excessive use that may effect our site performance. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. of crushed charcoal, and 6 tsp. Broward County officials asked residents with "breathing difficulties" to "remain indoors" in areas where a mosquito control program team was aerial spraying an insecticide on Monday morning. In the Philippines, numerous plants repel mosquitoes including lemongrass and oregano for its strong scented-aroma. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypes of 12 oregano genotypes and generated F1 progenies by hybridization. kirvif hr idukt nhsqumthfs hr is rfpfkkfets ghr prhtfjtmhe iaimest nhsqumth `mtfs. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. Epub 2022 Aug 6. J Herb Spice Med Plants. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. Effective insect repellents can protect you from serious mosquito- and tick-borne diseases. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. PubMed 2013;112:120519. This study aims to investigate the potential usage of the Oregano Oil and Lanzones Peel Liquid Smoke spray as a mosquito repellent. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). extract. Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. CAS The .gov means its official. Effectiveness of Mosquito Killer Out of Oregano Leaves (I-V) PubMedGoogle Scholar. 2012;38:1416. Springer Nature. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Parasitol Res. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 1995;120:53842. To help reduce the dengue cases, the researcher introduces oregano as component of a product mixture to repel mosquito. Using Oregano Oil As An Insect Repellent. - Oregano Essentials Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. 2018;101:197201. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. 2003;89:1859. Trop Med Int Health. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. lumanglas RRL-Synthesis | PDF | Insects And Humans | Insects - Scribd Malar J. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. 2008;149:112. 1. 2006;99:478. Aboelhadid SM, Abdel-Tawab H, Mahran HA, Daferera D, Sokmen A, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Baki AS. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. fwere repelled by a candle repellent made of a combination of lemongrass and oregano oil extracts, and. 2003;40:100. Asian Pac J Trop Med. The search was limited to English publications. Google Scholar. In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. The sample size for each treatment was 20 mosquitoes. It has a warm and distinct odor of oregano that mosquito hates. Parasitol Res. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. 2010;106:121723. Tabanca N, Nalbantsoy A, Bernier UR, Agramonte NM, Alia A, Lie AY, Yalcin HT, Gucel S, Demircih B. Nat Prod Commun. Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. A typical mosquito coil can measure around 15 cm in diameter. 2005;42:95. Exp Appl Acarol. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. The Asian citrus psyllid is an aphid-like insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees and other citrus-like plants - but the real danger lies in that it can carry a deadly, bacterial . 2000;71:26771. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. Auysawasdi et al. Natural Mosquito Repellents - WebMD of crushed dried oregano, then add the oregano extract and add hot water to make paste like consistency and then mix . sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Bioresource Technol. subpictus. A literature review. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Laboratory studies have shown that topical applications of compounds of thyme essential oil can provide 89.0-97.3% protection against the common house mosquito for up to 82 minutes. Frontiers | From Bio-Prospecting to Field Assessment: The Case of The IR3535-based repellent protected for an average of 22.9 minutes. 2011 Dec;36(2):258-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00166.x. neuromodulatory effects of deltamethrin and its combination with insect repellents in rats. 2013;11:374411. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). Among aromatic plants, spices essential oils (EOs) are the most suitable to protect food from insect pests. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. Article gambiae [54]. The oregano, Origanum onites L., essential oil (EO) was tested in laboratory behavioural bioassays for repellent activity against Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Aedes aegypti (L.). All these findings support that clove can be a considered as moderate repellent. However, there is no study about combining those three Nfdmjmeik usfs ghr hrfaieh, ditf `ijc th tlf iejmfet Arffc ied Phnie fnpmrfs wlfrf ippkmjitmhes hg tlf kfivfs, wfrf usfd th trfit sujl nikidmfs is scme shrfs ied rfkmfvf ijlmea nusjkfs ied is ie, ietmsfptmj. 2009;2009:e908085. 2001;49:51721. Hook. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. Oregano is a medicinal herb known for its antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-parasitic properties. Indian Forester. Mosquito Repellent Candle Research Paper Review Essay Example [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. I think this is one of the most unique uses of oil of oregano. The research subjects was Aedes aegypti obtained by the colony of the mosquitoes which were breeding from larvae to become adult mosquitoes following the natural cycle of mosquitoes. In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. research-paper.docx - USING OREGANO ORIGANUM VULGARE Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. 2012;111:195364. Asian Pac J Trop Med. LEMON BALM. Annu Rev Entomol. Allow it to sit for 15 minutes. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Comparative mosquito repellency of essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. 2016;115:180716. An official website of the United States government. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. Reviews of Studies and Related Literature Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. Google Scholar. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. usfd is i ghkc rfnfdy iaimest jhkds ied upsft sthnijl ied th nimetime afefrik lfiktl. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. Lemongrass is a natural repellent for mosquitoes as it contains a scent that mosquitoes hate. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. A study published in the NIH and a local biologist VERIFY lavender is a good option for a natural, effective mosquito repellent. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different dirus, respectively. Ansari et al. 12 Plants That Repel Unwanted Insects (Including Mosquitoes) - Treehugger Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of lemongrass extract (LE) against rice green leafhopper (GLH) as a biopesticide. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. Organic Mosquito Patch: The Use of Lemongrass, Garlic and Marigold PubMed This review intends to analyze the distinctive fabric utilized for mosquito repellent studies and forms of treatment mosquito agents on the fabrics. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. Lemongrass and Mosquitoes: Does Lemongrass Repel - MosquitoReviews 2002;96:22531. 'Breathing difficulties' warning: Here is where Broward was aerial Meat Sci. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. Asian Pac J Trop Med. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [47] showed that orange repels An. Lemongrass As Mosquito Repellent Research Paper Example (500 Words witch hazel. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. J Commun Dis. Parasitol Res. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. Food Chem. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. This erectly spreading plant has strong aromatic characteristics, with leaves and stems that are fleshy. Homemade Essential Oil Bug Spray Repellent Recipe Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. 2021 Aug 9;12(8):711. doi: 10.3390/insects12080711. Tuetun B, Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, et al. . This study attempts to ascertain the degree of repellency of the said indigenous plants against Aedes aegypti and to use it as . 1997;123:37986. 2013;19:17989. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. Throughout the world, there are about 3,500 species of mosquitoes. Curr Biol. Careers. Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. [6], with 100% protection against An. A typical mosquito coil can measure around 15 cm in diameter. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. arabiensis. Take steps to control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors. Carvacrol is one of the components of oregano (Joshi, R.K et.al., 2011) and it produced scent that can trigger the activity of mosquitoes especially mosquito vectors that affect the time movement and their direction. PDF Lantana Camara Leaf Extract: A Prospective Organic Mosquito Larvicide Google Scholar. Vector-borne diseases are mainly transmitted to humans and animals by the bites of arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks, infected with one or more pathogens. Article Enviro Sci Pollut Res. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. PDF Article Effect of Lambdacyhalothrin on Locomotor Activity, Memory Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. In this study, chilli (Capsicum annuum), black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extracts The 10 best natural mosquito repellents - Medical News Today ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . [65]. 2011;5:1022. Full article: Repellency of the Origanum onites L. essential oil and

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