That is so wrong and one of the key discoveries along the way to showing that was Heisenbergs uncertainty principle. This calculus or reckoning is not only present in mathematics; it is the foundation or ground of the utilitarian principles of ethics. I have written at greater length about values, knowledge and truth in other sections of this blog and you can explore those writings should you choose to do so. You might begin by examining how the word values is itself an example of the great change that occurred during that period we call the Renaissance when human beings became the centre of the things that are, with the consequence that we have the rise of the age of humanism. Each of the prompts is discussed in turn below: This is a useful prompt in that one may be able to respond to it in the simplest of terms or one may proceed to the very abyss of what thinking is in ones response to it. with the way in which man withstands the There, the openness and hiddenness of the beings among which he stands. they may provide a better description of the whence of the objects under examination. Logosis an assertion about something and an addressing of some thing as some thing. In the most general terms (and as a second order inquiry) the production of knowledge that results from such viewing is the determination of the being of things as objects. Others argue however, that these experiments simply measure advancement of the brain from which we reason that the being is conscious or not and consciousness isnt measured directly. The truly wonderful thing about Grahams number is that its possible to calculate the last few digits and we know it ends in a 7. Sickness in the soul is determined to be an insurrection that results when the mode of comportment of the soul comes into conflict with another mode of comportment; we might call this a conflict of conscience. 5. If one follows through on this distinction between ignorance and madness, one can see that a great deal of madness is prevalent today in advanced societies. This evidence or explanation will find its grounds in the principle of sufficient reason. This belief, if it were to be considered as a way of knowing, would make God be known to the believer. Suffice it to say that it must be asked: where in all human activity do human beings encounter their essence, what they truly are? Admittedly, our mathematical formulas no longer picture nature but merely represent our own grasp of nature. The tools are antecedent to our viewing of the world as technological and they can only produce or allow us to acquire what is called knowledge in a pre-determined manner, a manner which produced the tools themselves in the first place. This prompt is covered in greater depth under #17. https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676, https://mytok.blog/2019/11/30/ct-1-perspectives-woks/. It is no surprise that the great discoveries of modern physics were primarily initiated by Germans, Einstein and Heisenberg for instance, just as it is not an accident that the great discoveries of Newton and Darwin belong to the English-speaking world. Strangely, some unknowable information occurs in physics, which is contrary to the idea that we can learn as much as we want about something, as long as we have adequate technology. According to some theories, there exist levels of consciousness3 that we are able to measure. Can sets contain other sets? I, for example, havent got a clue what is going on in the fashion arts. A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Now, in a distant future (around 2 trillion years from now) all the other galaxies will be so far away that they wont be observable (technically, theyll be moving so fast that the light will be stretched into gamma rays with wavelengths longer than the universe is wide). These are written about at length in other entries in this blog and reviewing them might be helpful with your Exhibition under this prompt. Activities such as gene splicing to produce seed that will not reproduce, etc. your cognition of the things, should come to a greater light or understanding through this exercise. Werner Heisenberg was a German theoretical physicist who worked closely with the Danish physicist Niels Bohr in the 1920s. 6. Are some things unknowable TOK Exhibition A How might the context in which knowledge is presented influence whether it is accepted or rejected? Object 1: The Smiling Assassin TOK Exhibition Sample & Breakdown: Are Some Things Unknowable? Meredith Christenberry on Instagram: "Timeless collection is LIVE (link The German philosopher Nietzsche once wrote: To stamp becoming with the character of being that is the supreme will to power (WP 617). 16. Scientists do not conduct exact experiments to discover whether nature conforms to mathematical regularities; they do so because they presuppose a projection of nature as mathematical. If it does, then it shouldnt be in the set, but if it doesnt, then it should. These two types of knowledge have separate and overlapping areas in a rhetorical Venn diagram. Information only informs when the data which comprises it is placed within a system (the form) that allows it to in-form. Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption. This idea has been opposed by many famous physicists, including Einstein, who said God does not play dice with the universe.2 Many have been searching for hidden variables which would indicate a state of a particle before observing. Most of these are mathematical; Ive tried to make it as nontechnical as possible apart from anything else, Im no mathematician so Ive tried to dumb it down enough so that I can understand it. It is based upon the need to provide sufficient reasons (evidence) for the reality of the beings that are. Affects, passions and feelings (the manner in which we conceive of emotion) are not to be seen as inner experiences: what we are concerned with here is not psychology, not even a psychology underpinned by physiology and biology, but . Technology is our understanding of what it means to be, the way we understand what it takes for something, anything, to be. There may be some dispute over the language used to communicate these conclusions, but this is avoided when the language used is mathematical calculus. A question has arisen regarding the idea of added value in comment #2. One can experience fear, for example, by feeling it or by witnessing it. The second example is a result of the system that is in place that allows beings to seen as how we wish to view them. I have to look at it, and to look at it I have to illuminate it. Real numbers include all the fractions, irrational numbers (such as pi) and whole numbers (positive or negative). Certainly the greatest change in our human being-in-the-world occurs due to our change in our relationship to Nature. Our modern scientific knowledge in the form of quantum physics demonstrates that what has been traditionally understood as certainty regarding knowledge of nature and inquiries into nature is not possible. First order claims are those that are made within particular areas of knowledge or by individual knowers about the world, or in this specific case, about the importance of tools in producing knowledge and acquiring knowledge in the various areas of knowledge. Implication is the act of implying,the state of being implied. Herein arises the role of algebraic calculation: everything counts as existing when and only when it has been securely established as a calculable object for cognition. This paradox caused quite a lot of consternation amongst mathematicians. Unknowable Thing: In mathematics, there are true things that can't be proved true - and we don't know what they are. This prompt is very similar in nature to prompt #19 i.e. An appropriate question to ask is whether or not a dialectic is possible on todays social media and what possible consequences are present. 2, AOK: Individuals and Societies: Supplementary Notes, AOK History: Thoughts on Systemic Racism in North America, https://open.spotify.com/show/1qLxnSGpz4EeLeWZqjXmwt, A Reading of William Blakes The Tyger: Technology as Knowing and Making, Deconstructing the November 2018 Prescribed Titles for TOK Essays, TOK: Deconstructing the November 2017 Titles, It is a logical relation between two propositions that fails to hold only if the first is true and the second is false; or it can be, Not having a complete personal knowledge of how the computer or hand phone functions is not really necessary unless they do not work and we must consult the experts to find out what has gone wrong. To count is to reckon on or reckon up, to provide the sum of something, its total. A current example could be the claims made by Alan Dershowitz, a prominent professor of law from Harvard University, in the impeachment trial of Donald J. Trump. Sophists are the norm in todays societies; and because they are the norm, they should be treated with scepticism. They are what can be learned and what can be taught i.e. You might think Id struggle to find an example, but consider the following: We live in an expanding universe; when we look at other galaxies they are moving away from us and accelerating. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being. So, if you meet anyone you think is uninteresting, you must have got it wrong. He thought up the concept of a general purpose computing machine (now called a Turing Machine) as a thought experiment he didnt envision someone actually building one. Adequate evidence means that the evidence provided is correct. In TOK we are asked to put questions to what we think we know and how we think we know. How does the way that we organize or classify knowledge affect what we know? But notice that the objects being spoken about must have already presented themselves to us in some fashion in order for our statements to be made about them i.e. You will notice, though, that human beings do not cause the health: health itself is an outcome of nature. The history of what is called objectivity begins with the French philosopher Rene Descartes and through him, what we callhumanism, human beings as the centre of all that is. What counts as good evidence for a claim? Before becoming a drug dealer, he was involved in car theft, illegal cigarette sales, and tombstone theft. The ethical obligation is our actions and reflections on the things that are. I have written extensively on this topic of personal knowledge on this blog site and recommend that you view the following links to find possible approaches in narrowing your focus on this broad topic: CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; CT 1: Self-Knowledge and Ethics. This is done in the modern physical sciences. For something to be knowable, we would have to have a precise definition. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower. Heisenbergs reasoning goes like this: How do I find out where a particle is? What is essential is not mere ignorance, mere unfamiliarity, but a presumption of knowledge. One of the greatest ways to derail the otherwise normal events of a person's day is to present them with a mystery. This reign of the object as material thing, as the genuine substructure of all things, reaches into the area that we call the spiritual; into the sphere of the meaning and significance of language, of history, of the work of art, and all of the areas of knowledge of TOK. Our delimitations and definitions of the things are arrived at prior to their placement in various domains of knowledge and these horizons of the things are arrived at through the use of the principle of reason in our cognitions. Unknowable Thing: There are numbers that cant be computed. Our imposition on nature to bring about any ends that we may have in view presents us with challenges and dangers that are most difficult to understand and to overcome. Thus, it is clear that synecdoches (a part representing the whole) are not acceptable because they are not objects, rather they are symbolic representations, such as the one mentioned in the question. The philosophical problem is about the lack of knowledge when it comes to rare events that never happened before. OT2: Knowledge and Technology. This is a particularly troublesome prompt because it requires an exploration of the terms impose and ethical obligations. 4. Whether we are speaking of the cherry tree in bloom in the streets or the David that was once hidden in the marble and now stands in Florence, producing knowledge involves a great deal of our time as human beings both in our work and our play. Some of the prompts included: Are some things unknowable? Top 10 Unknowable Things | Knowledge Speaks For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher A discussion of the various types of knowledge is given here: https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676. The TOK exhibition - TOK 2022: THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE WEBSITE FOR THE IBDP The intention of this writing is to provoke thought on your part so that you are mindful of your choices and, hopefully, gain greater knowledge of who you are so that you will be able to make more aware judgements in the future about academic and ethical questions. The difficult thing here is that there's nothing we can observe, in our Universe, that allows us to tell these three possibilities apart. Judgement is the connection between what is stated with that about which a statement is made. Our methodological approach has been determined prior to our access to the thing which determines what the being of the thing is in the first place. The main problem that you will be faced with in this prompt is that it is so broad that a focus is required, and you can begin to do so by looking at how values and beliefs changed in any number of areas of knowledge. of mathematics and the sciences begin with the permanent things, the unchanging things and therefore are less subject to interpretation. Here are some links that might be useful in discussing the key concepts of your Exhibition regarding this topic: CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. 34. daleALE666 11 yr. ago Without a shadow of a doubt. This is the process that you are attempting in your Exhibition, and your report to the IB on your Exhibition will demonstrate this. When we say that science is the theory of the real, we are saying that science is the viewing that allows the interpretation of the being of things to be objects and to be understood as reality. Change). In connection with the historical development of natural science, things become objects through reason; they become material, and a point of mass in motion in space and time and the methodology used pursues the calculation of these various points. See the link: What is a work of Art? In active experience, we go forth to look for something. judgements, and thus sets itself over-against the world as to an object. Again, its known to be true for a lot of numbers (up to around 10^17) and its also known that the higher a number is, the more likely it is to be a prime, so it seems more likely the higher you get, but whos to say there isnt a really big even number out there where it isnt true? When we compare the latest I-Phones to what appeared previously, what counts for improvements are the greater number of apps that are applicable to making our everyday encounters more efficient and reliable. In conclusion, we create a theory based on an event that most likely might not happen again and we use this theory to predict the future events that might not be related to the first event. This can make things unknowable. Why is an alternative approach necessary? The noun logos and the verb legein from the Greek mean to gather together, to lay one beside the other. This exhibition explores three objects that are by some considered unknowable, but others are tirelessly trying to prove them wrong. There must be a corresponding relation or reality of the book, the table and the books place on the table. That human beings exist: this is a priori for all knowledge, including the knowledge you will uncover in your Exhibition. What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge? Technology is a theoretical,not a practical affair. Obvious Object Could Be Anything - TV Tropes Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? 2. Darwin/Nietzsche Part VII: On Aristotle, Algorithms and the Principle of Contradiction and the Overturning of the True and Apparent Worlds, Part IX: Darwin/Nietzsche: Otherness, Owingness, And Nihilism, AOK: Individuals and Societies or the Human Sciences: Part One, AOK: Technology and the Human Sciences Part. This is what Kant called his transcendental method. The celebrity chefs that are so popular in media today would be consideredtechnites,not sophists. Plato examines the relation of the body to the soul under the themes of illness and deformity in his dialogue Sophist. He had no thought that he was escaping from Poland he left his children behind thinking he would be returning soon. image/object #1 is like or as image/object #2, and so on. This brain-hurting theorem was developed by Kurt Gdel. It was last seen in Daily quick crossword. The what, how and why of those changes in values and beliefs or what have become known as paradigm shifts in human being-in-the-world have brought about many consequences once they were established as our way of viewing and being-in-the-world. In exploring the word culture, we must understand that world-view and world-picture are not interchangeable as to their meanings. However, it does not supply a sufficient reason for the shops being closed. It may be personal, expressing ones own particular life-experience and opinions (ones personal knowledge), or total, extinguishing all personal opinions (shared knowledge). the soul that is not prepared for it and does not possess genuine education. It is the Greek fundamental experience of the being of beings, which underlay, and gave rise to, both the subject-predicate form of their language and their conception of a thing as a subject with accidents. An example experiment would be to test whether an animal recognizes itself in a mirror. This type of speaking in under great threat in todays world. Some things are simply unknowable. Our use of tools is primarily a way in which we enhance our sense perception as a way of knowing things in the sciences, but the things themselves must be determined as objects and therefore calculable and measurable prior to our use of the tools. Things to bear in mind as you choose your exhibition objects: Objects can be digital, not physical - such as a photograph of an object, or a Tweet posted by a person; Objects should have a specific real-world context, and not be generic examples of something; Objects can be something you have created, but not for the exhibition

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